Answer :
The four fundamental subspaces of a matrix are the row space, column space, null space, and left null space.(a) A basis for the row space of A is {{1,2,3}, {2,3,4}}. The row rank of A is 2.(b) A basis for the column space of A is {{1,2}, {2,3}, {3,4}}.
(c) A basis for the null space of A is {{-1,1,0}, {1,-2,1}, {0,1,-1}}. The nullity of A is 3.
(d) A basis for the null space of At is {{1,-1,0}, {-1,1,1}, {0,-1,-1}}. The nullity of At is 3.The four fundamental subspaces of a matrix are the row space, column space, null space, and left null space. The row space is the set of all linear combinations of the rows of the matrix, and its dimension is the row rank. The column space is the set of all linear combinations of the columns of the matrix, and its dimension is the column rank. The null space is the set of all vectors that are solutions to the system of equations Ax = 0, and its dimension is the nullity. The left null space is the set of all vectors that are solutions to the system of equations A^T x = 0, and its dimension is the nullity.
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