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The term "gene" in biology can refer to generation, birth, or gender in a number of distinct ways. The molecular gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to form a functional RNA, whereas the Mendelian gene is the fundamental unit of inheritance.

Protein-coding genes and noncoding genes are the two categories of molecular genes. Genes can experience sequence mutations, which result in various alleles, or variants, in the population. These alleles may produce slightly distinct phenotypical features by encoding slightly different versions of the same gene.

The phrase "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair color gene," etc.) often denotes the possession of a unique allele of a single, common gene. Natural selection, or survival of the fittest, and allele genetic drift are two processes that cause genes to change.

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What is the segment of DNA that contains information to synthesize a specific protein molecule?