The CH50 is a screening assay for the activation of the classical complement system, and it is sensitive to any component of the route that antibody is reduced, absent, or inactive.
- The complement system is a collection of proteins(antibody) that, when activated, cause opsonization, which aids in phagocytosis and results in target cell lysis. Although it is possible to quantify each component of the complement, this does not reveal anything about the pathway's activity.
- The CH50 evaluates the ability of the classical pathway's serum complement components to lyse sheep red blood cells (SRBC) that have been coated with a rabbit anti-sheep red blood cell antibody (haemolysin).
- When test serum is treated with antibody-coated SRBC, the classical cascade of complement is triggered, causing hemolysis. The CH50 level will be zero in the absence of a complement component and will fall if one or more classical route components are reduced. Each serum dilution receives a predetermined amount of SRBC that has been optimally sensitised.
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