Classical flexible pavements carry applied traffic loads by attenuating the load down through the layers.
Flexible pavements are so named because the total pavement structure deflects, or flexes, under loading. A flexible pavement structure is typically composed of several layers of materials. Each layer receives loads from the above layer, spreads them out, and passes on these loads to the next layer below. Thus the stresses will be reduced, which are maximum at the top layer and minimum on the top of the subgrade.
In order to take maximum advantage of this property, layers are usually arranged in the order of descending load-bearing capacity with the highest load-bearing capacity material on the top and the lowest load-bearing capacity material on the bottom.
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