Answer :
There are currently 342 genes linked to somatic mutations and 70 genes linked to germline mutations on the list of known cancer genes. However, in most cases, cancer is caused by mutations in two fundamental types of genes: proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.
Several genes known as proto-oncogenes are responsible for turning normal cells into malignant ones when they mutate (Adamson, 1987; Weinstein & Joe, 2006). Proto-oncogene mutations are often dominant in nature, and the mutated form of an oncogene is referred to be an oncogene. Proto-oncogenes frequently produce proteins that promote cell proliferation, prevent cell differentiation, and prevent cell death. The preservation of tissues and organs as well as normal human development depend on each of these processes. However, oncogenes frequently show increased synthesis of these proteins.
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