Answer :
The pH scale is a mathematical indicator of the total amount of all ions in a solution. A collection of standard solutions with pH values that have been agreed upon internationally can be used to trace the pH scale.
The primary pH standard values are determined by measuring the potential difference between a hydrogen electrode and a standard electrode, such as the silver chloride electrode, using a concentration cell with transference. You can use a glass electrode, a pH meter, or a color-changing indicator to determine the pH of aqueous solutions. Numerous disciplines, including chemistry, agronomy, medicine, water treatment, and many more, depend on pH measurements.
A water molecule is created when two hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond with an oxygen atom. Within a covalent bond, atoms share electrons. Water is distributed in an unequal manner. The oxygen atom attracts electrons more forcefully than hydrogen does. Charges are now distributed differently in the water. Polar molecules have ends that are both partially positively and negatively charged. This polarity explains why water can separate the molecules of polar solutes and dissolve a wide range of substances.
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