Answer :
Actual amount of sulfates show lower mass percentage of sulfate and less amount of BaSO4 will be formed and if tiny pieces of filter paper remains in the BaSO4 leading to less mass % of sulfates.
When metal sulfates are hygroscopic and will absorb water from the atmosphere as a result they must be kept in desiccators to keep them dry. the unknown metal sulfate was not desiccated. If the sulfate not desiccated the total weight will be higher for a sulfate . So actual amount sulfate will show lower mass % of sulfate. if excess of BaCl2 is not used, it would lead to lower mass % of sulfate as BaCl2 will be the limiting reagent so less amount of BaSO4 will be formed. if tiny pieces of filter paper remains in the BaSO4 residue it will so higher mass altogether leading to less mass % of sulfates.
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