Answer :
if you wanted to reconstruct ocean temperatures on short timescales (decades to centuries) with annual resolution corals archives would be the best target.
The shape that the water adopts depends on the ocean temperature. The majority of the ocean's water is liquid, but as temperatures drop, the water condenses into ice, or when temperatures rise, it evaporates into the sky as water vapour. The ocean is crucial in absorbing energy from the Sun and preventing the Earth from becoming too hot since water warms up more slowly than air but can keep more heat. Water requires four times as much energy to increase its temperature by one degree Celsius as compared to the same quantity of air.
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