The side effect that the nurse should closely monitor in order not to worsen the client's hypercapnia is hypokalemia.
Plasma potassium levels must be taken into account when providing some type of loop diuretic, since it could generate a decompensation in the system, producing hypercapnia. As plasma potassium levels drop, the protons will move inside the cells wanting to release the potassium inside the cells to compensate for the lack of potassium in the plasma, this will generate a metabolic alkalosis.
To compensate for the metabolic alkalosis, the system as a form of compensation will make the individual begin to hypoventilate thus a little carbon dioxide is retained (thus compensating the alkalinity of the system) thus lowering the pH.
Therefore, we can confirm that the side effect that the nurse should closely monitor in order not to worsen the client's hypercapnia is hypokalemia.
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