Answer :
[tex]\begin{gathered} \text{Pen's measure}\Rightarrow144\operatorname{mm}=14.4\operatorname{cm} \\ 1\operatorname{cm}=10\operatorname{mm} \\ \text{Pencil's measure}\Rightarrow18\operatorname{cm} \\ \text{Now, the pencil is longer by} \\ \Rightarrow18-14.4 \\ \Rightarrow3.6\operatorname{cm} \end{gathered}[/tex]