We can match each grammatical term with the correct definition having in mind that clauses contain a subject and a predicate, as further explained below.
Independent clause - A) Contains a subject and a verb and can stand alone as a complete thought; in other words, a simple sentence.
Subordinate clause - D) Contains a subject and a verb but cannot stand alone as a complete thought; must be joined using a comma and a subordinating conjunction.
Compound sentence - B) Contains two independent clauses connected by a conjunction.
Complex sentence - C) Contains an independent clause and a subordinate clause connected by a subordinating conjunction.
A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate. We say we have an independent clause when it can stand alone as a complete thought, without the need for another clause with more information.
We have a dependent or subordinate clause when it does not convey a complete thought. A subordinate clause needs another clause to complete its meaning - a main clause.
We a compound sentence when we join two independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction. On the other hand, we have a complex sentence when we join an independent clause and a subordinate one with a subordinating conjunction.
With the information above in mind, we can conclude that the answer provided is correct.
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