Answer :
The economic program that Mao Zedong was referring to here was B. The Great Leap Forward
What is the Great Leap Forward
This refers to the period in Chinese history that brought about a five-year plan that was meant to meet the country's agricultural needs.
Hence, we can see that based on the given quote by Mao Zedong about the five-year plan that would bring suffering at first but would transform the country, he was referring to The Great Leap Forward
Read more about The Great Leap Forward here:
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