Which option describes how adaptations spread throughout a population?

Answer:
4th is the right answer.
Explanation:
According to Darwin, there is the survival of the fittest. So, for this reason, animals undergo adaptations according to the constantly changing environment to make themselves fit in it and to bear the evolutionary pressures. These adaptations are passed onto the next generation because these are good to survive with. (If an adaptation is not good, then it is deleted gradually.)
Hope it will help :)