Answer: Planning for a prosperous term: participial phrase
Winning an election: gerund phrase
To be the underdog: infinitive phrase
His success finally realized: absolute phrase
Explanation: Infinitives almost always begin with to.
Gerunds always have an -ing ending.
Participles can be past of present participle forms of the verb, often with irregular endings on past participles.
Absolutes are often transposed sentences, but missing the helping verb.
