The sum of two numbers is 17 and their product is 72. Find the smaller number.


Answer :

The smaller number is 8

8+9=17
8x9=72

Answer:  8

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Explanation:

Through guess and check, we find that

8+9 = 17

8*9 = 72

We see that 8 is the answer.

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Another approach:

Let m and n be the two numbers.

They sum to 17 which leads to m+n = 17. Solving for n gets us n = -m+17.

Their product is 72, so,  m*n = 72

Apply substitution and we get the following:

m*n = 72

m*(-m+17) = 72

-m^2 + 17m = 72

-m^2 + 17m - 72 = 0

-1(m^2 - 17m + 72) = 0

m^2 - 17m + 72 = 0

Now apply the quadratic formula

[tex]m = \frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}\\\\m = \frac{-(-17)\pm\sqrt{(-17)^2-4(1)(72)}}{2(1)}\\\\m = \frac{17\pm\sqrt{1}}{2}\\\\m = \frac{17\pm1}{2}\\\\m = \frac{17+1}{2} \ \text{ or } \ m = \frac{17-1}{2}\\\\m = \frac{18}{2} \ \text{ or } \ m = \frac{16}{2}\\\\m = 9 \ \text{ or } \ m = 8\\\\[/tex]

If m = 8, then n = -m+17 = -8+17 = 9.

If m = 9, then n = 8 through similar steps.

We see the two values are 8 and 9, the smaller of which is 8.